环境微塑料与有机污染物的相互作用及联合毒性效应研究进展

环境微塑料可吸附有机污染物,并与有机污染物进行相互作用从而改变其毒性效应,增加微塑料的治理难度。本文就全球范围内微塑料与有机污染物的相互作用及毒性效应的研究进展进行综述,分析不同介质中微塑料与有机污染物的共存水平、吸附机理、影响因素以及联合毒性效应等。研究表明,微塑料可作为多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、六氯环己烷(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)等有机污染物的载体,并且吸附的有机污染物浓度在不同区域之间差异较大,在拥有大量工业、港口和农业活动的地区浓度较高。微塑料与有机污染物的共存机制主要为疏水分配以及静电相互作用。吸附过程受微塑料粒径、结构、微塑料老化程度、有机物结构(官能团结构、极性、聚合物状态)以及吸附介质(pH值、温度、盐度等)的影响。微塑料与污染物联合作用可增加生物体内有毒有害物质的浓度,并影响生物生理功能从而增加毒性作用;也可以通过降低环境中污染物的自由态,减少污染物的富集率以及利用度从而使毒性效应减弱。最后,本文提出了现有研究的不足并对今后的相关研究发展趋势进行了展望。

The interaction and combined toxic effects of microplastics and organic pollutants in the environment:A review

Microplastics in the environment can absorb and interact with organic pollutants to change their toxic effects and increase the difficulty of microplastics treatment.This article reviews the research progress of the interaction between microplastics and organic pollutants and their toxic effects on a global scale,and analyze the coexistence level,adsorption mechanism,influencing factors and joint toxicity effects of microplastics and organic pollutants in different media.Studies have shown that microplastics can be used as carriers for organic pollutants in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),Hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs),DDTs,and the concentration of adsorbed organic pollutants varies greatly between different regions,and the concentration is higher in regions with a large number of industries,ports and agricultural activities.The coexistence mechanism of microplastics and organic pollutants is mainly hydrophobic distribution and electrostatic interaction.The adsorption process is affected by the size and structure of microplastics,aging degree of microplastics,the structure of pollutants(functional group structure,polarity,polymer state),and the adsorption medium(pH,temperature,salinity,etc.).In addition,the combined effect of microplastics and pollutants can increase the concentration of toxic substances in organisms and affect biological functions to increase toxicity.It is also possible to reduce the free state of pollutants in the environment and reduce the enrichment rate and utilization of pollutants to reduce the toxic effect.Finally,this article puts forward the shortcomings of the existing research and prospects the development trend of related research in the future.