环境样品前处理技术及其进展（一）

本文讨论了环境分析化学中样品制备及前处理技术的现状及其进展。有关环境样品的特点、前处理的目的及其作用、选择前处理技术的依据等也做了阐述。重点评述了近年来在环境分析化学领域中发展最快、用得比较普遍的几种新方法，即超临界流体萃取、固定萃取、微波溶出和液膜萃取等。（一）介绍样品前处理的原则和有关的基础，以及超临界流体萃取法；（二）其它方法及今后的发展动向（将刊登在《环境化学》１９９４年第二期）。

PRETREATMENT METHODOLOGIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES. CURRENT STATUS AND PROGRESS

Current status and progress of methodologies for sample preparation and pretreatment in analytical chemistry applied to environmental analysis have been discussed. Related topics such as the feature of environmental samples, the roles and purposes of sample preparation in instrumen-tal analysis, criteria of evoluation for the methods chosen for sample preparations, and others are also included.This review is not a comprehensive coverage of all methodologies dealing with sample preparations, only those methods which have been rapidly developed and widely used in environmental analysis in recent years, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid phase extraction(SPE), microwave digestion( MWD ), and supported liquid membrane(SLM), are described.In part one of the paper general review of sample preparation and pretreatment and SFE are involved, the rest of the methods and the trends of their development in future will be discussed in part two of the paper in next issue.