抗生素抗性基因在环境中的来源、传播扩散及生态风险

近年来,由于抗生素的滥用首先诱导动物体内产生抗生素抗性基因(antib iotic resistance genes,ARGs),从而加速了抗性基因在环境中细菌间的传播扩散.目前,抗生素抗性基因作为一类新型环境污染物,在不同环境介质中的传播、扩散可能比抗生素本身的环境危害更大.本文针对抗生素抗性基因在地表水、地下水、医疗废水、城市污水处理厂、养殖场、土壤、沉积物以及大气环境中的来源、分布、传播情况以及国内外最新研究动态进行综述.分析了抗生素抗性基因在环境中的潜在传播途径及其可能影响因素,并指出光照,厌氧,高温处理可以有效遏制抗生素抗性基因在环境中的传播和扩散.揭示了抗生素抗性基因可能造成的生态风险,针对我国对该类污染物的研究现状,提出了今后的研究重点.

SOURCES, DISSEMINATION, AND ECOLOGICAL RISKS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCES GENES (ARGs) IN THE ENVIRONMENT

In recent years, antibiotic resistance genes ( ARGs) have been introduced to animals as a result of the long-term overuse of antibiotics, which have speeded up the dissemination of ARGs among bacteria in the environment As emerging pollutants, dissemination and spread of ARGs among different environmental compartments may be more harmful than antibiotics themselves.In this paper, the source, distribution, dissemination, as well as the most advanced research progress of ARGs in surface water, groundwater, medical treatment waste water, urban sewage treatment plants, livestock farms, farm soil, sediment and atmospheric environment were reviewed.The potential routes of ARGs transmission and the possible impacting factors are analyzed.It is pointed out that light, anaerobic conditions, and high temperature treatments could significantly prevent the dissemination and spread of ARGs in the environment The potential ecological risks that ARGs may present are discussed.Considering the current research situation of ARGs in China, the focus of further research is proposed.