有机肥释放面源污染物的危害与调控对策

有机肥是一把“双刃剑”，其施用不当也是引发面源污染的重要源头。本文分析了有机肥的主要来源，重点阐述了有机肥释放面源污染物对水体、大气、土壤、农作物以及人畜健康所带来的危害。在此基础上，提出控制有机肥释放面源污染物的措施，即合理施用有机肥、规范养殖污染管理、提高畜禽粪肥的还田利用率、有机肥资源商品化及发展有机农业。

Hazard and Control of Non-Point Pollutants Released by Organic Fertilizer

As a ＂double-edged sword＂, organic fertilizer is an important source of non-point pollution when it is applied improperly. In this paper, the main sources of organic fertilizer were analyzed. The hazards of non-point pollutants released by the organic fertilizer to water, atmosphere, soil, cropper and health of human and livestock were mainly expounded. On this basis, the measures to control organic fertlizer released non-point pollutants were proposed including proper application of organic fertilizer, standardization of management for pollution from farming industry, improving utilization rate of the manures from livestock and poultry, commercialization of organic fertilizer resources and developing organic agriculture.