现代分子生物学技术在活性污泥微生物菌群多样性研究中的应用

以活性污泥技术为主体的好氧工艺是污水生物处理技术方面应用较为广泛的方法。随着现代分子生物学技术的不断发展，人们对活性污泥中微生物菌群多样性的认识逐渐深化，大量用传统方法未检测到，但在活性污泥中发挥关键作用的微生物逐渐引起研究学者的重视。现代分子生物学技术以FISH技术、实时荧光定量PCR技术、DGGE／TGGE技术、16SrRNA序列比较、T—RFLP技术、AFLP技术等为代表已成为研究微生物微观形态及种群结构特征的主要手段。文章就这些技术在活性污泥微生物菌群多样性研究中的应用进行了总结，为进一步研究污水处理领域活性污泥的微生物菌群多样性提供了必要的依据。

Application of Modern Molecular Biotechnology Techniques in the Research of Microbial Community Diversity in Activated Sludge

At present, the technology with activated sludge technology as the main aerobic process is a widely used biological wastewater treatment technology. With continuous development of modern molecular biology, people＇s understanding on the diversity of microbial community in activated sludge is gradually deepened, a lot of undetected but important microorganisms play a key role gradually caused the attention of researchers. Modern molecular biology techniques, particularly the FISH technology, real-time quantitative PCR, DGGE / TGGE technology, 16S rRNA sequence comparison, T-RFLP technique, AFLP technology, have become the main methods to study the micromorphology and population structure characteristics of microorganisms. This article summarized the application of these technologies in the research of microbial community diversity in activated sludge, and provided necessary basis for the further study in this filed.