饮用水中高氯酸盐污染现状与去除技术的综述

高氯酸盐作为强氧化剂，在广泛的应用中造成了严重的环境污染，并会在人体富集，当在人体内含量超过0．0007mg／kg人体体重，相当于饮用水中的浓度为24．5μg／L时，就会对健康造成影响，尤其会破环甲状腺机能。美国、日本等国已开始采取措施加强对高氯酸盐的控制，我国许多水源也受到此污染但尚未引起重视。本文分析了饮用水中高氯酸盐的物理化学性质及毒理特性，对环境的污染状况以及目前常用的去除技术，其中以生物处理和离子交换膜生物反应器较为有效。

Review on Perchlorate Contamination in Drinking Water and Its Removal Technology

As a kind of strong oxidant, perchlorate has produced serious environmental pollution in the extensive application. Its enrichment in human body, especially over a threshold of 0. 0007 mg/kg, or 24. 5μg/L in drinking water, leads to a bad effect on human health, for example, damaging the function of thyroid. Measures to control the perchlorate have been taken in some countries such as US and Japan. In our country, many water sources also have been contaminated by perchlorate, unfortunately it has not been regarded yet. In this paper the physical and chemical characteristics, the toxicological effects of perchlorate as well as its contaminative status are reviewed. The commonly used removal methods for perchlorate are comprehensively introduced, of which the biological treatment and the ion exchange membrane bioreactor are the two most efficient methods.