洪泽湖底栖动物群落结构及水质季节变化分析

为阐明洪泽湖底栖动物的群落结构及水质变化状况,采用生物多样性指数法、综合污染指数、CCA分析等方法,对洪泽湖的底栖动物群落结构空间布局及其水质状况进行了季度调查,探究环境因子对底栖动物生长的影响规律。结果表明:(1)底栖动物种类以甲壳纲、多毛纲、双壳纲为主;(2)CPI分析表明,TN、TP是洪泽湖主要的超地表水Ⅲ类水环境标准的项目,入湖过水区域水质污染高于其他区域,且春冬TN超标为主,夏秋TP超标为主;(3)典范对应分析显示,氨氮、透明度、叶绿素a是影响底栖动物分布的主要环境因素。研究表明洪泽湖底栖动物群落组成优势种主导格局显著,生物多样性不高,群落组成和水质状况受过水水体影响极大,生态系统保护和修复需加强对周边水域生态系统的关注,尤其是淮河水系。

Analysis on Seasonal Variation of Benthic Fauna Community Structure and Water Quality in Hongze Lake

To explore the benthic animal community structure and the water quality changes in Hongze Lake,this paper adopted biodiversity index method,comprehensive pollution index,CCA analysis method,etc.,to investigate the benthic animal community structure and water quality,and study the effects of environmental factors on the growth of benthic fauna.The results showed that:(1)The benthic fauna were mainly Crustaceans,Polychaeta,and Bivalve.(2)CPI analysis showed that TN and TP were the main indexes of water quality which exceed the surface waterⅢclass standard in Hongze Lake and the water pollution in the inlet and outlet area is higher than in other areas.With TN exceeding the standard in spring and winter and TP exceeding the standard mainly in summer and fall;(3)CCA analysis showed that NH+4-N,SD,Chla were the main environmental factors that affect the distribution of benthic animals.The research shows that the dominant species of zoobenthos community composition in Hongze Lake was significant,and the biodiversity was not high.The community composition and water quality were greatly affected by inter water body,therefore,the protection and repair of the ecosystem should be strengthened,especially the Huai River system.