饮马河流域长春段污染现状与水环境负荷演变特征

为研究饮马河流域长春段水质污染现状和污染负荷演变特征,以饮马河流域长春段的五个国考断面为水质监测点,通过对国考断面水体水质中含有的COD、NH3-N、TP浓度的检测分析,研究区域的水质污染现状和不同水期对污染负荷的影响规律,同时对2020年各考核断面的污染负荷进行估算。经估算,在2020年,计算单元总的COD负荷年排放量约为27503.22 t/a,NH3-N负荷年排放量约为2769.39 t/a,TP负荷年排放量约为485.65 t/a;其中,COD负荷的主要污染来源为城市径流,占比约为40.12%,NH3-N负荷的主要污染来源为农田径流,占比约为48.16%,TP负荷的主要污染来源为农田径流,占比约为46.07%。研究结果表明,砖瓦窑桥、刘珍屯、靠山南楼、十三家子大桥等断面水环境中COD、NH3-N、TP年均浓度超过了水质考核标准;不同水期对饮马河大桥断面污染负荷的影响较小,枯水期对其他断面污染负荷的影响占主要贡献。

Current Situation of Water Environmental Pollution and Water Environment Load Evolution in Changchun Section of Yinma River Basin

To study the Current situation of water environmental pollution and evolution characteristics of pollution load in Changchun section of Yinma River Basin,this paper conducted an onsite investigation and monitored the water quality of five National examination section,through analysis of the concentrations of COD,NH3-N and total phosphorus(TP) in the water,the water quality pollution status and the influence law of different water phase on the pollution load were studied,and the pollution load of each assessment section in 2020 were calculated.It is estimated that in 2020,the annual emissions of COD load,NH3-N load and TP load of the calculation unit are about 27503.22 t/a,2769.39 t/a,and 485.65 t/a,respectively.The main pollution source of COD load is urban runoff,accounting for about 40.12%.The main pollution source of NH3-N load is farmland runoff,accounting for about 48.16%,and the main pollution source of TP load is farmland runoff,accounting for about 46.07%.The results show that the water quality of the Zhuanwayao Bridge section,Liuzhentun section,Kaoshannanlou section and Shishanjiazi Bridge section was much worse than the water quality standard,which needs much more remediation.The influenceof different water periods on the pollution load of the Yinmahe Bridge is small,and the influence of the dry season on the pollution load of other sections is the main contribution.