四川彭州铜尾矿库植被特征分析与植物群落演替初探

本文分析了四川彭州铜矿尾矿库的植被特征、群落特征与演替。在该尾矿库上自然定居的高等植物共91种，隶属38科79属，以菊科（Compositae）和禾本科（Gramineae）植物为主。形成6种相对稳定的群落类型；在2003年弃耕后形成的地段分布有史蒿＋小飞蓬群落（Artemisia argyi＋Conyza conadensis Comm．）、艾蒿＋打破碗花花群落（Artemisia argyi＋Anemone hupehensis Comm．）、艾蒿群落（Artemisia argyi Comm．）和白车轴苹群落（Trifolium repens Comm．）；在经过30～40年自然演替的地段分布有芭茅＋羊耳菊群落（Miscanthus sinensis＋Inula cappa Comm．）和羊耳菊＋千里光＋密蒙花群落（Inula cappa＋Senecio scandens＋Buddleja officinalis Comm．）；在近十年内新形成的地段现主要覆盖地衣和葫芦藓（Funaria hygrometrica）。通过对群落结构和不同地段植被特征的对比，对本铜尾矿库的演替现状和规律进行了分析，井讨论了人为影响对演替进程的影响，提出了人工恢复措施的建议。

Analysis of Vegetation Characters and Preliminary Study of Plant Community Succession on the Copper Tailing Yard in Pengzhou

This paper analyzed the vegetation characters,plant community characters and succession state in the copper tailing yard in Pengzhou,Sichuan Province.The results showed that there were 91 species of higher plants in the copper tailing yard,which belonged to 38 families and 79 genera,with main families of Gramineae and Compositae.The vegetation has 6 types of relatively stable(communities:)Artemisia argyi+ Conyza conadensis Community,Artemisia argyi+Anemone hupehensis Community,Artemisia argyi Community and Trifolium repens Community were on the field abandoned in 2003;Miscanthus sinensis+ Inula cappa Community and Inula cappa+ Senecio scandens+ Buddleja officinalis Community were on the field formed for 30 to 40 years.But the new field formed in the latest decade was mainly covered by lichen and Funaria hygrometrica.We analyzed the succession state and rules of the copper tailing yard by comparing the structures of community and the vegetation characters in different fields.And we discussed the effect of human activities on the succession,brought suggestions for the reclamation.