四川升钟水库水质评价及污染负荷分析

选取高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）、五日生化需氧量（BOD5）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）4项监测指标，采用单因干评价法、综合污染指数法、内梅罗污染指数法、模糊综合评价法及水质标识指数法对升钟水库2004～2010年水污染特征进行分析与评价，结果表明：水质标识指数法比较适合升钟水库水体富营养化评价；单因子水质标识指数显示，水库主要污染物为总氮（TN）、总磷（TP），基本呈现富营养状态；2008年水质最差，2010年水质达到Ⅱ类标准；7年Iwq的平均值Ave（Iwq）=3．393，Ave（Iwq）未达到国家Ⅱ类水质标准。近7年综合水质标识指数（Iwq）在不同时点上具有高-低演化规律，总体趋向好转。通过计算2006年N、P污染负荷，TN、TP入库主要源于水产养殖，其贡献率分别为：55％、82％，升钟水库TN、TP是合理容量的1．97～2．32倍。应严格控制水库网箱肥水养殖。研究结果对指导升钟水库水污染防治与水资源管理具有重要的意义。

Water Quality Assessment and Pollution Load Analysis of Shengzhong Reservoir in Sichuan Province

The water pollution status of Shengzhong Reservoir during 2004 - 2010 were analyzed and assessed about the parameters such as CODMn, BODs, TN and TP adopting the methods of single factor assessment, comprehensive pollution index, Nemerow pollution index, fuzzy comprehensive assessment and water quality identification index. The result showed that the method of water quality identification index is the best one for eutrophication assessment of Shengzhong Reservoir. The single factor water quality identification index showed that the dominant pollutants were TN and TP, appearing eutrophication of the water. Water quality in 2008 was the worst and that in 2010 reached to grade II of the Standard. During the seven years, Ave （ Iwq ） = 3. 393, under the requirement of grade I1, while the comprehensive water quality identification index （ Iwq ） fluctuated and the general status tended to be better. According to calculation, the increased TN and TP in 2006 mainly sourced from aquaculture, accounting for 55% and 82% of the total, being 1.97 - 2. 32 times of the reasonable capacity of the reservoir. Therefore the cage aquaculture should be strictly controlled. The study achievement provide valuable information and guide for water pollution prevention and water resource management in Shengzhong Reservoir.