Long-term variations of CO2 trapped in different mechanisms in deep saline formations: A case study of the Songliao Basin,China |
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| Authors: | Wei Zhang Yilian Li Tianfu Xu Huilin Cheng Yan Zheng Peng Xiong |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;1. Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 E.10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA;2. Indiana Geological Survey, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47404, USA;3. ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Houston, TX 77027, USA;1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Geoscience and Petroleum, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway;2. SINTEF Petroleum Research, Trondheim, Norway;3. Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science (ICES), Singapore;4. Department of Mathematical Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway;1. Energy Research Center, Lehigh University, 117 ATLSS Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;2. Instituto Tecnológico de Chihuahua, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Av. Tecnológico No. 2909, Chihuahua, Mexico;3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Edif. W, CU., Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, C.P. 58030, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | The geological storage of CO2 in deep saline formations is increasing seen as a viable strategy to reduce the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. There are numerous sedimentary basins in China, in which a number of suitable CO2 geologic reservoirs are potentially available. To identify the multi-phase processes, geochemical changes and mineral alteration, and CO2 trapping mechanisms after CO2 injection, reactive geochemical transport simulations using a simple 2D model were performed. Mineralogical composition and water chemistry from a deep saline formation of Songliao Basin were used. Results indicate that different storage forms of CO2 vary with time. In the CO2 injection period, a large amount of CO2 remains as a free supercritical phase (gas trapping), and the amount dissolved in the formation water (solubility trapping) gradually increases. Later, gas trapping decrease, solubility trapping increases significantly due to the migration and diffusion of CO2 plume and the convective mixing between CO2-saturated water and unsaturated water, and the amount trapped by carbonate minerals increases gradually with time. The residual CO2 gas keeps dissolving into groundwater and precipitating carbonate minerals. For the Songliao Basin sandstone, variations in the reaction rate and abundance of chlorite, and plagioclase composition affect significantly the estimates of mineral alteration and CO2 storage in different trapping mechanisms. The effect of vertical permeability and residual gas saturation on the overall storage is smaller compared to the geochemical factors. However, they can affect the spatial distribution of the injected CO2 in the formations. The CO2 mineral trapping capacity could be in the order of 10 kg/m3 medium for the Songliao Basin sandstone, and may be higher depending on the composition of primary aluminosilicate minerals especially the content of Ca, Mg, and Fe. |
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