Efficiency of cassava steep liquor for bioremediation of diesel oil-contaminated tropical agricultural soil |
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Authors: | Sunday A Adebusoye Matthew O Ilori Oluwafemi S Obayori Ganiyu O Oyetibo Kehinde A Akindele Olukayode O Amund |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria;(2) Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria |
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Abstract: | Soil artificially contaminated with diesel oil, treated with cassava steep liquor (CSL) and designated EXPS. Similar polluted
soil without CSL amendment (CSS1) and uncontaminated soil (CSS2) served as controls. There were dramatic changes in the physico-chemistry
of systems EXPS and CSS1 with utilization of the inorganic nutrients to near-depletion in the former than the latter. In contrast,
the properties of CSS2 remained relatively stable throughout the investigated period. Similarly, the population densities
of microflora in the polluted soils showed an initial decrease between days 0 and 5 before assuming an increasing trend with
percent hydrocarbon-utilizers ranging significantly (P < 0.05) from 0.56 to 6.6, 0.1 to 2.46 and 0.56 to 0.26, respectively for EXPS, CSS1, and CSS2. In EXPS, the residual oil
decreased from 98,045 to 1,102.3 mg/kg soil at day 35 representing about 98.88% degradation. The corresponding value for CSS1
was 98,106.1 to 52,110 mg/kg soil, amounting to 46.88% oil disappearance. The GC fingerprints of alkane fractions of the recovered
oil reduced significantly by day 15 for EXPS with near-similar results of CSS1. However, by day 35, there was complete disappearance
of all peaks including the pristane and phytane molecules in the former whereas in CSS1, there were no observable changes.
The germination and growth profiles of maize seed plants as evidence of recovery of oil-impacted soils were poor in CSS1 (10%)
with pronounced abnormal morphology when compared with the data obtained for EXPS (74%) and CSS2 (80%). These results suggest
that CSL could be an indispensable tool in bioremediation of environments contaminated with hydrocarbons. The technology of
application is simple, rapid and cost-effective and may be appropriate for use in developing countries to ameliorate the problems
of petroleum pollution. |
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