新安江水库水环境主要问题及保护对策

新安江水库是钱塘江的重要水源,对保障钱塘江中下游的生态安全和水体功能起着举足轻重的作用。为阐明新安江水库在流域经济发展和人类活动的影响下水环境的主要问题及保护对策,促进饮用水安全保障及构建健康水域生态系统,本文对新安江水库历年的水环境指标、浮游生物群落结构及其变化及水域生态灾变事件资料进行了综合分析。目前新安江水库存在上游来水变差、局部水域藻类异常增殖、渔业生产不合理、营养程度加重等众多问题,但其突出问题是藻类生物量增长过快。新安江水库水环境保护工作要从关注水质向维持生态系统健康转变,并尽快开展生态保育工作,控制流域污染、降低藻类数量、减少藻类异常增殖影响、科学合理渔业生产是其下一步保护的关键。而关于新安江水库的研究,虽然有一定的研究基础和资料,但对水域生态系统缺乏系统认识。研究气候变化条件下新安江水库水域生态系统的结构和功能以及长期演变规律;水利调度导致水位调整对区域水动力学条件、营养物输送过程的影响及评价水利调度对水库重要环境因子和生态系统影响;渔业养殖对水环境的影响,特别是鲢、鳙鱼大水面积养殖对水库生态系统的影响应是今后新安江水库主要的研究领域和方向。

The main problems of water environment and protection measures in Xin’anjiang reservoir

Xin’anjiang Reservoir is an important source of Qiantang River, it’s playing an important role to protect the Qiantang River’s ecological security and water features. In order to clarify the Xin’anjiang reservoir’s essential problems and the protection countermeasures, under the influence of the drainage economic development and human activities, this passage provides a comprehensive analysis about the Xin’anjiang reservior’s years of water environmental norm, the structure and the variation of the plankton community, as well as the date about the water ecological catastrophe events. According to this, we can advance the security to the protable water and create a health waters environmental system. There are upstream water deterioration, abnormal proliferation of algae in local waters, fisheries production unreasonable, nutrition level increased, and many other issues, but the prominent issue is the excessive growth of algae biomass in Xin’anjiang Reservoir at present. Xin’anjiang Reservoir attention from the environmental protection to maintain ecosystem health and water quality changes, and as soon as possible to carry out ecological conservation, pollution control basins to reduce the number of algae, reducing the impact of abnormal proliferation of algae, scientific and reasonable protection fishery production is the key to its next. Although there are some basic research and data, but the lack of systematic understanding of water ecosystems in Xin’anjiang Reservoir. Research the water ecosystem structure and function and long-term evolution under conditions of climate change in Xin’anjiang Reservoir; Irrigation scheduling to adjust the water level affecting hydrodynamic conditions of the region , the process of nutrient transport and evaluate the water conservancy regulation’s infiuence to the important environment factors of the reservior and the environmental system. The main future research areas and directions are fish farming on the water environment especially the silver carp, bighead carp breeding a large area.