废钻井液对环境污染及固化处理室内研究

目前我国许多油田钻井井场位于稻田、麦田、虾池和鱼塘周围，而废钻井液中含有无机盐、重金属组分、油品及大量有机聚合物，其中有些是有害物质，一口井的废钻井液一般可达200～300m~3。这些废钻井液堆放在井场不进行处理会对周围环境造成较大污染。为此，如何处理这些废钻井液是目前令人极为关心的课题。本文分析了我国一些油田废钻井液的毒性；介绍了毒性提取、评价方法及其对土壤、植物和海洋生物的影响，同时重点介绍用化学固化方法处理废钻井液的结果。通过对现场的5个废钻井液的固化处理室内试验证实，废钻井液固化后有一定强度，其水浸出液清彻透明，达到排放标准，固化体可进行掩埋恢复地貌，也可作为建筑材料使用。

Waste Drilling Polluting Environment and Laboratory Research on Their Solidifying Treatment

Plenty of well sites in oil fields today in China are located in or near the rice fields,wheat fields or shirmp and fish ponds and their waste drilling fluids contain inorganic salts,heavy metal components,oils and lots of organic polymerides of which some are harmful substances.The waste drilling fluid of a well can usually come to 200～300m~3 which piled up at the well site without being treated causes considerable pollution of the surrounding environment. For this reason,how to treat waste drilling fluid of this kind has become a problem of great interest to the people.This paper analyses the toxicity of waste drilling fluids in some oil fields in China,introduces the methods of toxicity extraction and evaluation and their influence upon soil, plants and marine organisms and emphatically the results of treating waste drilling fluids by chemical solidifying method.Through five on-site solidifying treatment of waste drilling fluids,the lab test proves that the waste drilling fluid solidified is of a specific strength with its water leaching liquid clear and transparent,up to discharge standard.The solidified substances can be buried to have the ground feature restored and also can be used as construction materials.