海上溢油下潜过程特征的实验考察

海上溢油行为的研究是预测其归宿、控制其危害的关键所在。由于目前对溢油下潜于水时所受多因素影响、经历多个子过程的综合效应不清,文章用挡板烧瓶模拟波浪,考察其行为特征。结果表明:波浪类型对下潜率影响最大,破碎波和规则波下油的下潜率差异可达79.8%;上浮过程的影响可使得下潜率随时间出现最大值,随分散剂含量的增加有最大值。对比静置中下潜率的变化规律,可认为波浪通过夹带和破碎作用使油下潜,分散剂则增加了下潜稳定性。实验结果可对海面溢油下潜过程的预测提供理论依据和实验数据。

Experimental Investigation on the Submerging Characteristics of the Spilled Oil at Sea

The submerging characteristics of spilled oil at sea under the action of waves and dispersants were studied,which leads to the key to predict the fate and hazards.Due to the fact that the combined effects of multiple factors and multiple sub-processes in water during the submerging are unclear,the article used a baffled flask to simulate waves and its behavioral characteristics were investigated.The results showed that the wave type has the greatest influence on the submerging rate and submerging stability,and the difference between the oil dip rate under breaking wave and regular wave can reach 79.8%;with the increase of dispersant content,the submerging rate has the maximum,and the submerging stability dose not;the refloating process weakens that of submerging,especially with the dispersants in the oil.It can be concluded that the wave increased the amount of submerged oil due to the entrainment and breaking effects on the floating oil,and the dispersant enhanced the submerging stability of it;the dispersant needs to be coupled with the breaking wave to exert the submersible effect;it is the refloating process that make the dispersion effect decline over time.The results of this experiment can provide theoretical basis and experimental data for the prediction of the oil spill submerge process.