水处理用活性炭改性研究

利用锆和氯化十六烷基三甲铵共同改性活性炭,制备一种新型去除污水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐的水处理吸附剂,并考察吸附剂加量、反应温度、pH值、共存阴离子等影响因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:锆-氯化十六烷基三甲铵改性活性炭(Zr-CTAC-AC)吸附剂适用于硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度在100mg/L以下的污水,随着Zr-CTAC-AC加量的增加,硝酸盐、磷酸盐去除率逐渐增加,单位吸附量逐渐下降,Zr-CTAC-AC加量为8g/L时,硝酸盐去除率为79%,Zr-CTAC-AC加量为4.0g/L时,磷酸盐去除率可达91%,但应在较低的pH值范围内使用;反应温度对Zr-CTAC-AC的吸附效果影响不大;共存Cl-、HCO3^-和SO4^2-可使硝酸盐的吸附率降低,但对磷酸盐吸附率影响较小;1mol/L NaCl溶液可使吸附到Zr-CTAC-AC表面的硝酸盐90.9%左右被解吸出来,1mol/L NaOH溶液可使吸附到Zr-CTAC-AC表面的磷酸盐78.4%左右被解吸出来。Zr-CTAC-AC能够有效去除污水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐,制备方法简单,且可循环利用,处理成本低。

Study on Modification of Activated Carbon for Water Treatment

This study introduced a new adsorbent for removing nitrate and phosphate from wastewater,which was prepared by using zirconium(Zr)and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(CTAC)co-activated carbon(Zr-CTAC-AC).The effects of adsorbent dosage,reaction temperature,pH value and coexisting anions on the adsorption effect were investigated.The results shown:The Zr-CTAC-AC adsorbent was suitable for the wastewater with a concentration of nitrate and phosphate below 100 mg/L.With the increase of Zr-CTAC-AC content,nitrate/phosphate removal rate increased gradually,and unit adsorption capacity gradually decreased.At a concentration of Zr-CTAC-AC at 8 g/L,the nitrate removal rate was 79%;at a concentration of Zr-CTAC-AC at 4.0 g/L,the phosphate removal rate can reach 91%;The reaction temperature has little effect on the adsorption effect of Zr-CTAC-AC;The coexistence of Cl-,HCO3^- and SO4^2-can reduce the adsorption rate of nitrate,but has little effect on the adsorption rate of phosphate.1 mol/L NaCl solution can desorb about 90.9% of nitrate adsorbed on the surface of Zr-CTA-AC,and 1 mol/L NaOH solution can desorb about 78.4% of phosphate adsorbed on the surface of Zr-CTAC-AC.This study demonstrated that the Zr-CTAC-AC can effectively remove nitrate and phosphate in sewage,the preparation method of Zr-CTAC-AC was simple and can be recycled,and the treatment cost was low.