System dynamics model for analyzing effects of eco-design policy on packaging waste management system |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, Riga Technical University, Kronvalda blvd. 1, Riga LV-1010, Latvia;2. System Dynamics Group, Department of Geography, University of Bergen, Fosswinckelsgt. 6, 5007 Bergen, Norway;1. School of Business, Engineering and Science, Halmstad University, PO Box: 823, S-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden;2. DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, DK - 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;1. Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University Mosbach, Faculty of Business Administration, Lohrtalweg 10, 74821, Mosbach, Germany;2. SRH University Heidelberg, Faculty of Business Management, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 6, 69123, Heidelberg, Germany;3. Compolytics Research, Schwanheimer Straße 69, 74867, Neunkirchen, Germany;1. Transportation Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil;2. Department of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Espírito Santo – UFES, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km 60, São Mateus, ES 29.932-540, Brazil;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo – UFES, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil;4. Joaquim Nabuco Federal Foundation – FUNDAJ, Av. Dois Irmãos, 92, Recife, PE 52061-540, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | EU's long-term objective is to become a recycling and resource effective society, where waste is utilized as a resource and waste generation is prevented. A system dynamics model was developed to analyze the policy mechanisms that promote packaging material efficiency in products through increased recycling rates. The model includes economic incentives such as packaging and landfill taxes combined with market mechanisms, behavioral aspects and ecological considerations in terms of material efficiency (the packaging material per product unit, recycled fraction in products). The paper presents the results of application of various policy instruments for increasing packaging material efficiency and recovery rate and reducing landfilled fraction. The results show that a packaging tax is an effective policy instrument for increasing the material efficiency. It ensures the decrease of the total consumption of materials and subsequent waste generation. The tax helps to counteract a rebound effect, which, as identified by the analysis, can be caused by reduced material costs due to eco-design. The model is applied to the case of Latvia. Yet, the elements and structure of the model developed are similar to waste management systems in many countries. By changing numeric values of certain parameters, the model can be applied to analyze policy mechanisms in other countries. |
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| Keywords: | Eco-design Material efficiency Packaging waste Policy analysis System dynamics Waste management |
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