Material flow analysis of lubricating oil use in California |
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| Institution: | 1. AZTI – Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain;2. Department of Thermal Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;3. AZTI – Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain;4. Nautical and Naval Machines, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, María Díaz de Haro 68, 48920 Portugalete, Spain;1. College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China;2. Jiangxi Highway and Bridge Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China;3. Guangxi Key Laboratory for Road Material and Structure, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China;4. Jiangxi Province Transportation and Engineering Group Co., Ltd, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, China;1. N.I.T Srinagar, J&K 190006, India;2. Civil Engineering Department, N.I.T Srinagar, J&K 190006, India;1. Technology and Society Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;2. Natural and Social Science Interface, Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 22, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;3. Group for Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 32, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;1. Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974, Mashhad, IR Iran;2. Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands;3. Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51664, Tabriz, IR Iran;4. Tufts Institute of the Environment, Tufts University, 02155, Medford, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Petroleum lubricating oils, used throughout the economy, are distinct among petroleum products in their capacity to be recovered and recycled at the end of their useful life. Used lubricating oil is regulated at the state and federal level because of concerns about environmental impacts arising from improper disposal, although rates of recovery are not known. We present a material flow analysis of lubricants through California's economy in the years 2007–2012. We introduce a novel technique for computing aggregate waste generation from a collection of hazardous waste manifest records, and apply it in order to determine a recovery rate for used oil and to estimate the quantity of oil managed informally in the state. The records also offer a detailed view of the fate of used oils after they are recovered. We find that around 62% of lubricants are recoverable at end of life, of which 70–80% is being recovered. This rate shows a slight downward trend. If the trend is accurate, measures should be taken to improve the performance of the used oil management system. Policy opportunities exist to reduce the quantity of oil managed informally through improving access to responsible used oil management methods. These include increasing the collection of used oil from industrial sources as well as “do it yourself” oil changes, expanding in-state reprocessing capacity, and promoting increased out-of-state reprocessing of used oil. Our methods introduce new possibilities to make use of direct observation in material flow analysis, potentially improving data availability and quality and increasing the relevance of material flow methods in policy applications. |
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| Keywords: | Lubricants Petroleum lubricating oil Industrial oil Used oil Material flow analysis Hazardous waste |
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