Water Quality Functions of Riparian Forest Buffers in Chesapeake Bay Watersheds |
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| Authors: | Richard Lowrance Lee S Altier J Denis Newbold Ronald R Schnabel Peter M Groffman Judith M Denver David L Correll J Wendell Gilliam James L Robinson Russell B Brinsfield Kenneth W Staver William Lucas Albert H Todd |
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| Institution: | (1) United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory Tifton, Georgia 31793, USA , US;(2) Stroud Water Research Center Avondale, Pennsylvania 19311, USA , US;(3) United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service Northeast Watershed and Pasture Research Laboratory University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA , US;(4) Institute for Ecosystem Studies Millbrook, New York 12545, USA , US;(5) United States Geological Survey Dover, Delaware 19901, USA , US;(6) Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater, Maryland 21037-0028, USA , US;(7) Department of Soil Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA , US;(8) USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service Ft. Worth, Texas 76115, USA , US;(9) Wye Research and Education Center University of Maryland Queenstown, Maryland 21658, USA , US;(10) Integrated Land Management Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, USA , US;(11) USDA-Forest Service, Chesapeake Bay Program Annapolis, Maryland 21403, USA , US |
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| Abstract: | / Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, USA, have agreed to reduce nutrient loadings to Chesapeake Bay by 40% by the year 2000. This requires control of nonpoint sources of nutrients, much of which comes from agriculture. Riparian forest buffer systems (RFBS) provide effective control of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in some types of agricultural watersheds. Control of NPS pollution is dependent on the type of pollutant and the hydrologic connection between pollution sources, the RFBS, and the stream. Water quality improvements are most likely in areas of where most of the excess precipitation moves across, in, or near the root zone of the RFBS. In areas such as the Inner Coastal Plain and Piedmont watersheds with thin soils, RFBS should retain 50%-90% of the total loading of nitrate in shallow groundwater, sediment in surface runoff, and total N in both surface runoff and groundwater. Retention of phosphorus is generally much less. In regions with deeper soils and/or greater regional groundwater recharge (such as parts of the Piedmont and the Valley and Ridge), RFBS water quality improvements are probably much less. The expected levels of pollutant control by RFBS are identified for each of nine physiographic provinces of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Issues related to of establishment, sustainability, and management are also discussed.KEY WORDS: Riparian forest buffers; Chesapeake Bay; Nonpoint source pollution; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sediment |
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| Keywords: | : Riparian forest buffers Chesapeake Bay Nonpoint source pollution Nitrogen Phosphorus Sediment |
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