Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem: Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields |
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Authors: | K R Reddy P D Sacco D A Graetz K L Campbell L R Sinclair |
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Institution: | (1) Agricultural Research and Education Center, University of Florida, P.O. Box 909, 32771 Sanford, Florida;(2) Soil Science Department, University of Florida, 32611 Gainesville, Florida;(3) Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Florida, 32611 Gainesville, Florida;(4) Agricultural Research and Education Center, University of Florida, P.O. Box 909, 32771 Sanford, FL;(5) Present address: Harza Engineering Company, International, 60606 Chicago, IL |
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Abstract: | Potential use of reservoirs and flooded fields stocked with aquatic plants for reduction of the nutrient levels of organic soil drainage water was evaluated. The treatment systems include 1) a large single reservoir (R1) stocked with waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), elodea (Egeria densa), and cattails (Typha sp.) in series; 2) three small reservoirs in series with waterhyacinth (R2), elodea (R3), and cattails (R4), grown in independent reservoirs; 3) a control reservoir (R5) with no cultivated plants; 4) a large single flooded field planted to cattails; 5) three small flooded fields in a series planted to cattails; and 6) a flooded field with no cultivated plants. Drainage water was pumped daily (6 hours a day, and 6 days a week) into these systems for a period of 27 months at predetermined constant flow rates. Water samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of each treatment system and analyzed for N and P forms.The series of reservoirs stocked with aquatic plants functioned effectively in the removal of N and P from agricultural drainage water, compared to a single large reservoir. Allowing the water to flow through the reservoir stocked with waterhyacinth plants with a residence time of 3.6 days was adequate to remove about 50% of the incoming inorganic N. Allowing the water to flow through a series of two small reservoirs, R2 and R3, with a residence time of 7.3 days was necessary to remove about 60% of the incoming ortho-P. Flooded fields were effective in the removal of inorganic N, but showed poor efficiency in the removal of ortho-P.Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Journal Series No. 2320. |
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Keywords: | Drainage water Aquatic plants Nutrient removal Water quality Organic soil Nonpoint source pollution |
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