首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
     检索      


The Influence of Urban Density and Drainage Infrastructure on the Concentrations and Loads of Pollutants in Small Streams
Authors:Email author" target="_blank">Belinda E?HattEmail author  Tim D?Fletcher  Christopher J?Walsh  Sally L?Taylor
Institution:(1) Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Water Studies Centre, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia;(2) Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology, Institute for Sustainable Water Resources, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia;(3) Current address: Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology, Institute for Sustainable Water Resources, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
Abstract:Effective water quality management of streams in urbanized basins requires identification of the elements of urbanization that contribute most to pollutant concentrations and loads. Drainage connection (the proportion of impervious area directly connected to streams by pipes or lined drains) is proposed as a variable explaining variance in the generally weak relationships between pollutant concentrations and imperviousness. Fifteen small streams draining independent subbasins east of Melbourne, Australia, were sampled for a suite of water quality variables. Geometric mean concentrations of all variables were calculated separately for baseflow and storm events, and these, together with estimates of runoff derived from a rainfall-runoff model, were used to estimate mean annual loads. Patterns of concentrations among the streams were assessed against patterns of imperviousness, drainage connection, unsealed (unpaved) road density, elevation, longitude (all of which were intercorrelated), septic tank density, and basin area. Baseflow and storm event concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium, along with electrical conductivity (EC), all increased with imperviousness and its correlates. Hierarchical partitioning showed that DOC, EC, FRP, and storm event TP were independently correlated with drainage connection more strongly than could be explained by chance. Neither pH nor total suspended solids concentrations were strongly correlated with any basin variable. Oxidized and total nitrogen concentrations were most strongly explained by septic tank density. Loads of all variables were strongly correlated with imperviousness and connection. Priority should be given to low-impact urban design, which primarily involves reducing drainage connection, to minimize urbanization-related pollutant impacts on streams.
Keywords:Urbanization  Stormwater runoff  Impervious area  Drainage connection  Catchment  Water quality
本文献已被 PubMed SpringerLink 等数据库收录!
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号