Green energy generation by pressure retarded osmosis: State of the art and technical advancement—review |
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| Authors: | Khaled Touati Fernando Tadeo |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Systems Engineering and Automatic Control, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain;2. Laboratory of Natural Water Treatment- Water Researches and Technologies Center, Technopark Borj Cedria, Soliman, Tunisia |
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| Abstract: | Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a method for converting salinity gradients to power by allowing water to flow through a semi-permeable membrane against an applied hydraulic pressure. PRO already has a long history, starting from the middle of the last century, and has rapidly improved in recent years. In this paper, we present a historical development of PRO since its inception: the development of this renewable energy process has gone through several stages, depending on technological developments, worldwide energy demands, and environmental concerns. The technological progress of the process is also studied, as well as its cost viability and environmental impact. Finally, some ideas to further develop the PRO process and mitigate its detrimental effects are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Energy cost environmental impact membranes osmotic power pressure-retarded osmosis |
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