黑河流域湿地保护现状及对策建议

黑河是我国第二大内陆河,流域内湖泊、沼泽遍布,湿地资源丰富。多年来人们对黑河环境的重要性认识不足,导致植被退化、水位下降、土地盐渍化,影响湿地资源的永续利用,制约当地经济社会可持续发展。鉴于此,建立了黑河湿地国家级自然保护区,实施湿地保护与恢复和污染治理工程,增强退耕还林(草)、退地还湿、防沙治沙力度,探索和运用生态补偿机制。

Conservation Status and Countermeasures on Wetland in Heihe River Basin

Heihe river is the second largest inland river in China. Lakes and marshes spread all over it which is rich in natural resources of wetlands. However, without being paid too much atten- tion, this region has suffered form a series of problems, such as climate warming and drying, the vegetation degeneration, the drop of water level, the wetland attenuation, land salinization and de- sertification aggravation, which influenced the sustainable utilization of wetland resources and af- fected the local economical and social sustainable development. Therefore Heihe Wetland National Nature Reserve was established and different measures should be taken to restore the wetland re- source, such as the implementation of wetland protection and restoration project, water replenishment project, sewage disposal diversion engineering and pollution control project, converting cultivated land into forests, returning grazing land to pasture, converting the land into wetland, preventing and controlling desertification, also exploring and applicating ecological compensation mechanism.