不同腐熟度猪粪、奶牛粪在小白菜和香瓜上施用的农学效应研究

进行猪粪和奶牛粪自然高温堆肥发酵,分别在15、25、35、50 d取样,获得了不同腐熟程度堆肥产物,分别进行了小白菜和香瓜种子发芽与田间应用试验,以期获得不同腐熟堆肥在蔬菜上施用的农学效应,旨在从堆肥农田施用的农学效应角度,为制订堆肥腐熟度标准提供科学依据。结果表明：牛粪堆肥过程中的最高温度高于猪粪,且高温期也长于猪粪;两种处理在35d有机碳含量均显著降低,全氮含量为先降低后升高趋势;两种堆肥在35d后,均达到无害化标准。不同腐熟程度堆肥对小白菜株高和主根长及香瓜苗重和主根长均没有明显抑制作用,对小白菜和香瓜出苗率、根系活力及小白菜单株鲜重和生物产量影响较大,尤其是猪粪腐熟25d,奶牛粪腐熟15d的堆肥表现出显著抑制作用。将堆肥理化参数与小白菜、香瓜生长指标进行相关分析表明：pH值、全氮含量和C/N这3种指标均与小白菜和香瓜各项生物性状无显著相关性;有机碳和DOC与各项生物性状指标均表现出显著或极显著相关性;铵/硝与小白菜和香瓜的GI和根系活力均表现极显著或显著的相关性,其结果与现行的堆肥腐熟度指标并不一致。因此,在制订堆肥腐熟度标准时,应关注堆肥产物农田施用后不同作物所表现出的不同农学效应。

Agricultural Effects of Application of Pig Manure and Cow Manure Composts with Different Maturity Extent on Seedling of Chinese Cabbage and Muskmelon

Pig manure and cow manure were composted naturally at the same condition. The 15 th, 25 th, 35 th, 50 th day compost were fertilized on Chinese cabbage and muskmelon and seed germination and growing influence were analyzed. The aim was to obtain the agricultural effects of application of pig manure and cow manure composts with different maturity extent（CDME）. The results showed that the highest temperature of cow manure was higher than pig manure in the process of compost, and the high temperature period of cow manure was longer than pig manure. The contents of total nitrogen of two manure decreased firstly and then increased, while nitrogen concentration increased continually. Both of two treatments achieved harmless standards after 35 days. Cabbage plant height and main root length, muskmelon seeding weight and main root length were not affected significantly by CDME, but seeding emergence and root activity of cabbage and muskmelon were influenced significantly by CDME. And so as the fresh weight and yield of cabbage which were observed when composts of pig manure composting for 25 days and cow manure composting for 15 days showed significant inhibition to plants. The correlation between OC, DOC and biological traits were significant or extremely significant. The correlation between nitrate-N/ammonium-N and GI or root activity were significant or extremely significant, which were not consistent with the current indicators of compost maturity. It is worthy of attention to formulate standards for compost maturity and achieve a great balance between nutrient loss in composting process and agricultural effect in field for compost application.