深圳生态环境保护40年历程及实践经验

深圳经济特区建立的40年也是生态环境保护工作不断改革和飞跃的40年。根据特区建立以来环境管理政策与生态环境保护状况变化等，本研究将深圳生态环境保护发展历程大致划分为四个阶段：①奠基起步、建章立制（1980—1992年）；②局部创新、全面推进（1993—2000年）；③综合调控、转型跨越（2001—2011年）；④系统改革、优化发展（2012年至今）。研究发现，深圳总体上探索出了一个质量引领、创新驱动、转型升级、绿色低碳的发展路径，生态文明体制机制改革不断深化，形成了覆盖生态环境保护各个领域、门类齐全、功能完备、措施有力的生态环境政策体系，为中国乃至全球生态环境保护提供了一系列可复制、可推广的有益经验和深圳样本。

Process and Practical Experience of 40-Year Eco-Environmental Protection in Shenzhen Since the Establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

Since the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone 40 years ago, the ecological environment protection work has been continuously reformed and leaped. According to changing characteristics of management policy and status of ecological environment protection, the study roughly divides the development process of Shenzhen''s ecological environment protection into four stages:astarting with a foundation, establishing rules and regulations (1980-1992); bpartial innovation and comprehensive promotion (1993-2000); ccomprehensive regulation, transformation and leapfrogging (2001-2011); dsystem reform, optimized development (2012 to present). The analysis found that Shenzhen as a whole has explored a development path of quality-led, innovation-driven, transformation and upgrading, and green and low-carbon development. The reform of the ecological civilization system and mechanism has continued to deepen, and it has formed an eco-environmental policy system covering all fields of ecological environment protection, complete categories, complete functions, and effective measures, which provides a series of replicable and popularized beneficial experiences and Shenzhen samples for China and the world.