基于陆海统筹的海洋生态环境管理体系研究

经过近60年的探索和实践，我国海洋生态环境管理机制体制不断完善，海洋生态环境综合管理能力显著提升。本文立足我国海洋生态环境管理现状，重点从强化制度约束性、机制协同性和政策指导性等角度分析了存在的主要问题，阐述了陆海统筹的海洋生态环境管理体系框架，并提出了构建以生物多样性保护为核心的海洋生态环境管理分区、建立以氮磷污染物为重点的陆海协同排放管控制度、完善以监测评估为核心的海洋生态监管制度、建立以入海河流和海湾为重点的区域联防联控机制和完善以海洋生态补偿和赔偿为核心的财政政策等重点任务，可为建立陆海统筹的生态环境治理制度提供参考。

Marine Ecological Environment Management System Based on Land and Sea Coordination

After nearly 60 years of exploration and practice, China''s marine ecological and environmental management framework has been continuously enhanced, and the capability in terms of comprehensive coastal management has been significantly advanced. Based on the condition of China''s marine ecological and environmental management, this article seeks to discuss the improvement from the perspective of regulatory system compliance, partnership accomplishment and policy decision making. The article also reviews the application opportunities of land-sea coordinated planning principle in building up China''s marine ecological and environmental management framework. Key management strategies such as establishing marine ecological environment management zone with biodiversity protection as the core value, developing a land-sea coordinated emission control system focusing on nutrient pollutants, launching marine monitoring and evaluation programs in alignment with supervision system, fostering regional prevention and control efforts focusing on nutrient influx from river basins to bays, as well as increasing funding opportunities with the support of economic assessment and ecological compensation mechanism policies will be crucial to promote the advancement of the marine ecological and environmental management system.