水生态环境保护回顾与展望：从污染防治到三水统筹

水生态环境保护事关美丽中国目标的实现。本文阐释了我国从水污染防治向水环境、水生态、水资源“三水”统筹转变的新时代水生态环境保护内涵，从国内视角梳理我国水污染防治实践取得的成效，识别美丽中国水生态环境保护面临的制约性问题，首次在全国层面与欧美发达国家的水环境质量、水生态保护和水资源保障情况进行国际对标分析，提出以水生态系统保护目标为指引、以流域生态环境空间管控为基础、以“三水”统筹系统治理为路径、以治理体系和治理能力现代化为保障的水生态环境保护战略建议。

Review and Prospect of Water Ecology and Environment Protection: From Pollution Prevention and Control to Overall Planning About Water Environment Improvement, Water Resource Security and Water Ecology Protection

Water ecology and environment protection is related to the realization of the goal of "Beautiful China". This paper studies the connotation of water ecological environment protection in the new period from the prevention and control of water pollution to the overall planning of water environment, water ecology and water resources, compares the effectiveness of China''s water pollution prevention and control practices from a domestic perspective, and identifies the constraints facing by water ecology and environment protection under the goal of Beautiful China. For the first time at the national scale, the international comparison of "three water" is conducted between China and developed countries in Europe and the United States. Lastly, the four strategic suggestions of water ecology and environment protection are put forward, which are guided by the water ecosystem protection goal, based on the spatial management and control of watershed ecological environment, followed by the overall management of "three water", and guaranteed by the modernization of governance system and governance capacity.