比利时环境治理典型经验分析——以弗拉芒大区为例

作为欧盟的核心成员国之一,近年来比利时在环境治理方面成效显著。尤其是弗拉芒大区,逐渐形成了以"土地证书"为标志的土壤污染治理、"从摇篮到坟墓"的废弃物治理和以"许可证制度"为核心的空气污染治理等一系列特点鲜明的环境治理措施和方法。本文着重分析弗拉芒大区环境治理的机构设置和目标,以及其土地污染治理中的"土地证书"和土地交易管理,空气污治理中的工业污染源和交通污染源治理,废弃物治理中的法律、经济与自愿工具使用三个方面的典型经验。结合比利时弗拉芒大区的典型经验和现阶段我国环境政策体系存在的主要问题,建议我国环境政策体系的改进和完善,应更加注重实现污染外部性的内部化、利用市场手段来实现土壤保护和开发新的环境政策工具。

Analysis on Belgian Environmental Governance Experience: a Case of Flemish Region, Belgium

Belgium, as a core member of European Union, has obtained a great development in environmental governance in recent years. In particular, taking Flanders as a case, it established a successful governance model which is mainly comprised of, such as, soil certificate system for controlling soil pollution, license system for preventing air pollution and a system for waste management called "From Cradle to Grave". In this paper, we particularly focus on analyzing the experiences of soil certificate and soil transfer management in soil pollution governance, industrial and transportation pollution source in air pollution governance and multi-instruments in waste management in Flanders. Finally, combining with Flanders'' experiences and key problems existing in Chinese environmental policies, some implications for the improvement of environmental policy system in China are discussed.