我国环境影响评价与社会稳定风险评估制度关系的思考

环境影响评价制度和社会稳定风险评估制度作为预防和控制环境影响、创新社会风险管理的重要制度,实施以来发挥了重要作用,但也出现了工作边界和内容范围交叉的问题。尤其是近年来,环境污染焦虑引发社会风险事件的建设项目不断增多,导致两者的"天然联系"愈发紧密,工作存在模糊地带的问题愈发凸显,致使建设项目行政审批繁复、执行力差。在梳理环评、稳评的发展历程和存在问题的基础上,深入分析了环评和稳评的法律地位、适用范围、评价目标、评价内容、实施主体和程序上的异同,剖析了两者在制度设计和内容衔接方面的关系,并从理清工作边界职责、环境社会风险评估结果共享、强化稳评公众参与等方面提出了环评和稳评政策衔接的建议,为政府有效实施建设项目环境、社会监管提供决策参考。

Ideas on the Relationship between Environmental Impact Assessment and Social Stability Risk Assessment

Both Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Social Stability Risk Assessment(SSRA) have played important roles in preventing and controlling environmental impacts and in innovating social risk management. However, problems like "obscure boundary" and "contents intercross" arise. Especially in recent years, social risk incidents of construction projects caused by anxiety which brought by environmental pollution have been increasing. As a result, the "natural connection" between EIA and SSRA has become closer and "obscure boundary" problem has become increasingly prominent. These lead construction projects to a complicated approval process and a poor execution. On the basis of reviewing development history and existing problems of EIA and SSRA, this article deeply analyzes the similarities and differences between EIA and SSRA in legal status, applicable scope, evaluation objectives, evaluation content, implemental subject and procedure, dissects the relation of EIA and SSRA about system design and content convergence, and provides suggestions of the link between EIA and SSRA from clarifying the duties of work boundary, sharing the results and strengthening public participation in SSRA. This could provide reference for the government to effectively implement the construction of project environment and social regulation.