省域水环境保护政策实施效果评价的指标体系构建与实证研究

本文以湖北省"十二五"环境规划的水环境保护指标为主要依据,采用压力—状态—响应(PSR)模型,从污染排放强度、水质改善效果、水资源利用和污染减排效率三个维度出发,建立湖北省"十二五"水环境保护政策评价指标体系,对政策的实施效果进行量化评估。结果表明:湖北省"十二五"期间水环境保护政策实施效果呈逐年上升趋势,从二级指标来看,政策实施在污染排放强度以及水资源利用和污染减排效率两方面均取得较好的成效,但在水质改善方面效果不明显甚至有所下降。建议湖北省在"十三五"期间以至接下来更长的一段时期内,首先要重点加强省内各局部区域的水环境承载能力评估,并依据评估结果对现有的产业布局进行有效的调整;其次应进一步强化环境监测和管理力度,以减少可能的非法排污。本文构建的指标体系对进一步促进省域水环境保护政策实施效果评价的规范化、合理化不无借鉴意义。

Construction of Indicator System and Empirical Research on the Effect Evaluation of Provincial Water Environment Protection Policy

Based on the water environment protection indicators from Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for environmental protection of Hubei province, the pressure-state-response (PSR) model was adopted for building the evaluation indicator system of water environment protection policy from three aspects, including pollution emission intensity, water quality improvement and the efficiency in water resources utilization and pollution emission. And then the effect of policy implementation was evaluated. The evaluation results showed that the effect of water environmental protection of Hubei province has kept increasing every year. From the aspects of the 2nd class indicators, the policy of water environment protection has achieved better results in both pollution emission intensity, resource utilization and pollution emission efficiency, but the effect of water quality improvement has been decreasing. In the next period, the key point of the water environment protection in Hubei is to strengthen the assessment of water environment carrying capacity and environmental supervision. The indicator system constructed in this paper is of great reference to promote the standardization and rationalization of the effect evaluation of provincial water environment protection policy.