中央生态环境保护督察制度回顾与展望

中央生态环境保护督察是党中央、国务院推进生态文明建设和生态环境保护工作的重大制度创新。《中央生态环境保护督察工作规定》于近期正式出台，首次以党内法规形式明确了生态环境保护督察的制度框架、程序规范、权限责任等。从发展历程来看，我国生态环境保护督察大致经历了督企为主、督政督企并举、党政同责三个阶段。生态环境保护督察具有突出政治站位、压实责任，坚持问题导向、强化震慑，突出边督边改、取信于民等基本特征。为强化成果应用，全面准确把握当前我国生态环境保护工作的重点难点，本文设置7个一级指标和18个二级指标对首轮中央生态环境保护督察所指问题的分布特征进行统计分析，初步剖析问题产生原因，并从督察对象、督察内容和督察体制方面对第二轮中央生态环境保护督察进行了展望。

Review and Prospect of Central Inspection System for Ecological and Environmental Protection

Central Inspection of Ecological and Environmental Protection (CIEEP) is an important institutional innovation for the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council to promote the construction of ecological civilization and ecological environment protection. The regulations on central inspection work of ecological and environmental protection, was formally promulgated recently. For the first time, the system framework, procedure norms, authority and responsibility of the CIEEP were clarified in the form of inner-party laws and regulations. From the perspective of the development process, the CIEEP in China has roughly gone through three stages:the supervision of enterprises as the main body, the co-operation of government and enterprises, and the co-responsibility of Party and government. The CIEEP has the basic characteristics of highlighting political position, compacting responsibility, persisting in problem orientation, strengthening deterrence, highlighting the reform of border supervision and trusting the people. In order to strengthen the application of the results and grasp the key and difficult points of the current work of ecological and environmental protection in China comprehensively and accurately, seven first-level indicators and eighteen second-level indicators are set up to make statistical analysis of the distribution characteristics of the problems pointed out by the first round of CIEEP, and to preliminarily analyze the causes of the problems. The second round of CIEEP is prospected from the aspects of inspection objects, inspection contents and inspection system.