环境空气质量评价方法改进研究

通过系统调研对比国内外环境空气质量评价标准,本文对2013—2018年全国主要城市的空气PM2.5浓度及气象数据进行分析,得到如下结论:采用环境空气中污染物浓度三年滑动均值作为空气质量评价标准是国际通行做法;2013—2018年我国大部分城市PM2.5浓度受气象等相关因素影响,年均值波动较大,采用PM2.5浓度三年滑动均值变化曲线更为平滑,且采用前两年及当年的年均值进行计算更切合实际需求;采用EMI指数法量化分析气象因素对环境空气质量的影响,表明大气污染气象条件的年际变化具有波动性且各重点区域变化趋势也有所不同。建议引进三年滑动均值作为PM2.5长期变化的考核依据之一,使空气质量评价考核方式更为公平合理。

Research on the Improvement of Ambient Air Quality Evaluation Method

The ambient air quality evaluation standards at home and abroad were surveyed and compared systematically, and then the air PM_2.5 concentration and meteorological data of major cities in China from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the three-year sliding average of pollutants is used as the air quality evaluation standard, which is a common international practice. From 2013 to 2018, the PM_2.5 concentration in most cities of China was affected by meteorological and other related factors, and its annual average value fluctuated greatly. The three-year sliding average change curve of PM_2.5 concentration was smoother. The calculation adopting the average value of the previous two years and the year were more in line with actual needs. The EMI index method was used to quantify the impact of meteorological factors on the ambient air quality, which showed that the inter-annual changes of atmospheric pollution meteorological conditions were volatile and the trends in different key areas were different. It was suggested that the introduction of three-year sliding average as one of the assessment basis for PM_2.5''s long-term changes, will make the air quality assessment and assessment method more fair and reasonable.