国家《大气污染防治行动计划》健康效益评估

为了提高空气质量改善进程,2013 年国家发布了《大气污染防治行动计划》。本文基于空气污染与健康效益评估模型(BenMAP),对人口分布资料、大气污染与人体健康影响的暴露反应关系等进行了本土化修正,采用“支付意愿法”与“疾病成本法”相结合的方法,系统评估了《大气污染防治行动计划》实施后,PM_2.5 污染变化引起的环境健康效益。研究结果表明,《大气污染防治行动计划》的实施将在一定程度上降低PM_2.5 环境浓度,改善环境空气质量。如果《大气污染防治行动计划》空气质量目标全面实现,可以避免城镇8.9 万居民的过早死亡,减少12 万人次住院治疗以及941 万人次的门诊和急诊病例,实现的全国健康效益约为867 亿元/ 年,说明了《大气污染防治行动计划》实施的健康有益性。本文对政府部门开展污染损失评估及制定环境健康政策具有重要的参考价值。

Health Benefi t Evaluation for Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in China

The Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan was released in 2013 in order to improve air quality rapidly. Health benefi ts from the reduction of PM_2.5 pollution achieved by implementing the Plan were assessed with BenMAP model, which was optimized by means of revising population distribution data and exposure response relationship between air pollution and human health, combining the method of willingness to pay and the disease cost method. The results showed that the average PM_2.5 concentration would decline and air quality would improve to some extent. Based on the assumption that China would be able to fulfi ll the plan''s targets in 2017, 89,000 premature deaths would be saved, and then 120,000 hospital admissions and 9.41 million hospital outpatients and emergency room visits would be r educed. The total health benefi t would be approximately 86.7 billion RMB per year. All of these illustrated the health benefits of the implementation of the Plan. It is helpful to the government departments to carry out the pollution damage assessment and environmental health policy.