美国湖泊调查评价技术及对我国湖泊生态环境管理的启示

自2006年起,美国环保署(EPA)在美国本土开展了两次湖泊生态状况调查和评估,从营养状态、生物健康和休闲娱乐的关键指标开展评估,旨在摸清美国湖泊生态环境现状和影响湖泊生态健康的关键胁迫因子。EPA逐步形成了涵盖水文、水质、水生生物等多重指标在内的湖泊调查评估体系,该体系已成为美国湖泊环境管理系统的重要组成部分,为湖泊环境保护和水生态系统恢复提供了有力支持。本文从清单建立、重点调查湖泊清单筛选、采样布点、监测指标、评估方法等方面系统研究总结美国湖泊调查评估的关键技术方法体系,以期为我国湖泊生态环境保护和环境管理工作提供借鉴。

Survey and Assessment Technology of Lake in US and Its Revelation for China Lake Environmental Management

Since 2006, US EPA has carried out the national lake survey and assessment in the mainland for twice. US national lake assessment used three approaches to assess lake condition, which were biological condition, suitability for recreation and trophic state of lake, and aimed to figure out the biological condition of national lake and the rank of key stressors affecting biological condition. US EPA has developed comprehensive lake survey and assessment system, which includes a large set of hydrological, chemical and biological indicators. The system has become an essential part of US lake environmental management system and provides strong support for the lake environment protection and the restoration of aquatic system. In this paper the key technical methods of US lake survey and assessment are overviewed from the inventory establishment, field sampling and assessment method, so as to provide reference for China lake environmental protection and management.