农村人居环境整治中的女性参与：实践形式与组织机制

如何有效激活农民主体性，激发人居环境整治中的群众参与是实现农村环境善治的重要议题。村庄调研发现，在当前国家资源向村庄密集输入的情况下，自上而下的单一环境供给方式既浪费资源，又难以满足居民诉求。动员村庄女性群体组织化参与是农村人居环境整治自下而上的群众动员和需求整合的有效方式。一方面，女性群体因其身份在村、关系在村，市场参与不足，成为村庄环境整治的潜在力量，与环境治理事务具有耦合性。另一方面，组织化参与为女性社会性身份的展演提供长效机制，利益吸纳成为激发女性参与的直接诱因。女性群体参与人居整治实践机制反映的是以农民为主体的农村环境治理需要抓住核心力量，对积极分子进行识别、激活和组织。

Practical Form and Organization Mechanism of Women's Participation in the Improvement of Rural Living Environment in China

How to effectively activate farmers'' subjectivity and stimulate the masses'' participation in the improvement of human settlement environment is an important issue to achieve good governance of the rural environment. Taking living improvement as an example, field research found that under the current situation of intensive input of state resources to villages, the top-down single environmental supply mode wastes a lot of resources and fails to integrate residents'' demands. The mobilization of middle-aged female groups in villages is an effective way to mobilize and integrate the demands of the masses for living improvement from the bottom up. Village collectives establish women''s organized participation mechanism through the process of living improvement publicity and mobilization, centralized improvement and regular maintenance. On the one hand, middle-aged female groups become a potential force for village environmental remediation because of their status in the village, their relationship in the village, and insufficient market participation. The characteristics of living improvement are naturally coupled with middle-aged women''s groups. On the other hand, from the perspective of women''s organizational path, organizational participation provides a long-term mechanism for middle-aged women''s social identity, and the stimulation of benefits becomes a direct incentive for women''s participation. The organizational mechanism of middle-aged women''s participation in living improvement reflects that the realization of good rural governance with multiple participation requires activation and organization of activists and the establishment of a participation mechanism for multiple subjects.