如何完善河长制——基于与流域综合管理比较的视角

当前,河长制已成为我国进行河湖管护的综合协调平台,但其面临一系列问题,制约了我国河湖管护效果的进一步提升。世界主要国家的跨部门、跨利益相关方河湖管理协调政策主要是流域综合管理。河长制与流域综合管理都是针对所面临的河湖管理问题,经过长期的演变,逐渐形成的跨区域、跨利益相关方的协调政策,这都是符合所在国家实际情况的。基于公共政策学的基本原理,本文构建了以"政策目标—政策执行者—政策工具"为导向的三维河湖管护协调政策比较框架。通过此框架,分析了河长制存在的主要问题,以及河长制与流域综合管理的主要差异。针对河长制存在的主要问题,基于比较结果提出了相关对策,主要包括:科学设定政策目标,推进多元共治的河湖管护模式,创新运用市场化和信息化政策工具。

How to Improve the River Leader System——Based on the Perspective of Comparison with Integrated River Basin Management

At present, the River Leader System has become a comprehensive coordination platform for river and lake management and protection in China. The River Leader System faces a series of problems that restrict the further improvement of the effectiveness of river and lake management and protection in China. The cross-departmental and cross-stakeholder river and lake management coordination policies of major countries in the world are mainly integrated river basin management. Both the River Leader System and integrated river basin management are inter-regional and inter-stakeholder coordination policies, which are gradually formed through long-term evolution, aiming at the problems of river and lake management. Both of them are in line with the actual situation of the country where they are implemented. The comparison between the River Leader System and integrated river basin management is helpful to clarify the differences between them, to understand the reason why China has carried out the River Leader System, and to improve the River Leader System. Based on the basic principles of public policy, this paper constructs a three-dimensional river and lake management and protection coordination policy comparison framework oriented by “policy objective-policy executor-policy tool”. The framework is applied to compare the main differences between the River Leader System and integrated river basin management. The main problems of the River Leader System are analyzed from the aspects of policy objective, policy executor and policy tool. In response to the main problems of the River Leader System, relevant countermeasures are proposed based on the comparison results, including:scientifically setting policy goals, promoting the multi-governance model of river and lake management and protection, and innovatively using marketization and informatization policy tools.