应对环境风险的反身规制研究

面对当前日益严峻的环境风险和生态危机,环境领域的两大规制模式——命令控制规制模式和激励规制模式呈现规制失灵、治理不力的困境。从反身法理论来阐释,是由于这两种规制模式忽略了法律系统与其他社会子系统自身的独特运行逻辑,法律系统具有运行的封闭性与认知的开放性,有效的规制模式必须实现不同系统之间的结构耦合。反身规制是一种对自我规制的规制,其在承认法律自身规制局限性的基础上,培育其他子系统的反思结构,为提升当前环境治理绩效提供了一个新路径。实现对环境风险的反身规制,需要从信息披露、程序设计及商谈规范方面建构相应的法律制度。

eflexive Regulation: the Legal Theory and Legal System Towards Environmental Risk

In the face of the increasingly severe environmental risks and ecological crisis, the two major regulatory models in environmental field, including the command and control model and the incentive model, all present the dilemma of regulation failure and governance failure. From the perspective of reflexive law theory, the reason lies in that these two regulation models ignore the unique operation logic of the legal system and other social subsystems. The legal system is closed in operation and open in cognition. The effective regulation model must realize the structural coupling between different systems. Reflexive regulation is a kind of regulation on self regulation. On the basis of acknowledging the limitation of law itself, it cultivates the reflective structure of other subsystems. The theory of reflexive law provides a new direction for the current environmental governance performance. To realize the reflexive regulation of environmental risk, we need to construct the corresponding legal system from the aspects of information disclosure, programming and negotiation.