我国生活垃圾无害化向减量化处理处置转换路径探析

对比发达国家与发展中国家生活垃圾减量化处理处置经验,本文运用制度分析、统计分析等手段探究我国即将经历的生活垃圾减量化处理处置阶段转换问题。研究发现：①以政府公共投资和无害化处理处置为主要特征的生活垃圾处理处置I阶段解决垃圾围城的方式行将结束,减量化程度逐渐提高和社会资本的进入是II阶段的主要表现形式。②从我国生活垃圾处理处置的发展脉络看,促使I阶段向II阶段转化的主导因素包括城市化速度的加快、国家供给侧结构性改革促使源头减量和公共财政投入向市场投入转化等。③考虑到我国各地生活垃圾处理处置和经济发展实际,应改变现有生活垃圾处理处置管理体系,确立企业的源头减量主体地位;提高生活垃圾分类回收比例,改善中端减量化效率;以无废城市建设为契机,推进生活垃圾全域减量;重塑经济与发展的联系,借助市场化力量推进资源与经济增长联系从数量关系向强价格关系转化。

The Transition Path from Harmless Disposal to Reduction Disposal of Domestic Waste in China

By comparing the experience of domestic waste reduction and disposal in developed and developing countries, this paper explores the transformation of domestic waste reduction and disposal stage in China through system analysis and statistical analysis. It is found that the way to solve the siege of municipal solid waste in stage I is characterized by government public investment and harmless disposal, which is coming to an end. Increasing the degree of reduction and the entry of social capital are the main manifestations of stage II. From the perspective of the development of domestic waste disposal in China, the main factors that promote the transformation from stage I to stage II include the acceleration of urbanization, the structural reform of the supply side of the country, the reduction of the source and the transformation of public financial input into the market, etc. In the actual situation of disposal and economic development, we should change the existing management system of domestic waste disposal and establish the dominant position of enterprises as the source of reduction. It improves the proportion of domestic waste classification and recycling, and improves the efficiency of middleend reduction. It takes the construction of waste-free cities as an opportunity to promote the overall reduction of domestic waste and reshapes the link between economy and development. It also promotes the link between resources and economic growth with the help of market forces to transform the quantitative relation to strong price relation.