中日农村环境管理对比及对中国的启示

日本与我国在历史上同属传统的东亚小农经济国家,在社会、经济、文化等方面的发展历程和存在的问题具有共通性。日本的农村生态环境管理随社会经济发展不断调整适应,政府也数次推动乡村振兴。对比研究中日两国农村环境管理及其背后的社会经济因素,虽然两国在农村环境管理上有相似性,但也有较大不同,我国不能完全照搬日本的农村环境管理体制机制,必须走一条适应我国国情的特色道路,循序渐进推进农业农村污染防治。在开展农村环保工作的具体举措上,日本也有较多可借鉴之处:一是以完善的法规政策体系保障农村环境管理;二是以精准的财政补贴支撑农村环境管理;三是以科学的规划和技术标准体系服务农村环境管理;四是以规范的行业和市场服务体系推动农村环境管理;五是以亲民务实的环境宣传教育助力农村环境管理。

Comparison of Rural Environmental Management Between China and Japan and Its Enlightenment to China

Japan and China belong to the traditional small-scale peasant economy countries in East Asia in history, and they share the same social, economic and cultural development process and existing problems. Japan''s rural social, economic and ecological environment management has been constantly adjusted and adapted to the development. During this period, the government also promoted the Rural Revitalization several times. A comparative study of rural environmental management and its social and economic factors between China and Japan shows that although there are similarities in rural environmental management between the two countries, there are also great differences. China can not completely copy the Japanese rural environmental management system and mechanism, and must take a characteristic road to adapt to China''s national conditions, and step by step promote rural pollution prevention. Treatments carried out rural environmental protection in Japan have much to be learned:first, to guarantee rural environmental management with a sound legal and policy system; second, to support rural environmental management with precise fnancial subsidies; third, to serve rural environmental management with a scientific planning and technical standard system; and fourth, to promote rural environmental management with standardized industry and market service systems. Fifthly, to help rural environmental management with people-friendly and pragmatic environmental publicity and education.