中国自然保护地70年发展历程与成效

新中国成立70年来,我国自然保护地体系逐步完善。在生态系统与重要自然资源保护方面,形成了由自然保护区、风景名胜区、森林公园、地质公园、自然文化遗产、湿地公园、水产种质资源保护区、海洋特别保护区、特别保护海岛等组成的保护地体系。在生态空间保护方面,率先在国际上提出和实施生态保护红线,构建了以重要生态功能区、生态脆弱区和生物多样性保护区为主体的生态保护红线技术体系,成为我国新世纪一项重大生态保护工程,并开展了生态功能区划、主体功能区划。在保护机制上,于2015年启动了国家公园体制,并开展试点示范。本文从以上三个方面概要分析了我国自然保护地的发展历程和发展成效。

Development Achievement of Natural Conservation in 70 Years of New China

The natural conservation system has gradually improved along with the China independence for 70 years.In terms of ecosystem and important natural resources conservation, the protected area system composed by nature reserve, scenic spots, forest park, geopark, natural and cultural heritage, wetland park, aquatic germplasm resources reserve, special marine reserve and special protection of islands are formed. In the aspect of eco-spatial protection, the strategy of ecological redline is first put forward and implemented internationally, the technical system of ecological redline composed by key ecological functioning region, ecological fragile area and biodiversity reserve is built, which becomes a major ecological protection project of China in the new century. And the ecological function regionalization, strategy of development priority zones are developed. In terms of protection mechanism, national park system is set up in 2015, and its pilot demonstration is conducted. In view of the above three aspects, this paper summarily analyzes the development process and achievement of nature protected area in China, helping the reader learn about it.