资源环境承载力研究方法综述

资源环境承载力是区域发展战略决策的基础,对指导区域可持续发展和服务国家战略需求具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了资源环境承载力评价从土地资源承载力向水资源承载力、环境承载力和生态承载力发展,再到近年来以土地开发强度为特征,以及基于供给能力的资源环境承载力评价兴起的历程。资源环境承载力评价从单一资源走向各类主要自然资源、环境要素及综合要素的承载力评价,研究方法不断完善。但目前资源环境承载力研究仍存在更多地关注承载的极限容量,对发展容量的关注不足;缺乏具有普适性、可推广的资源环境承载力评价理论及方法体系等问题,其研究仍面临严峻的挑战。未来资源环境承载力研究仍需在承载力从极限容量向发展容量转变,形成具有广泛指导意义的资源环境承载力评价方法体系,强化以空间开发利用为特征的资源环境承载力评价等方面的研究,以此深化资源环境承载力理论及实践应用研究,为区域可持续发展及服务国家战略提供支撑。

Summary on Evaluating Methods for Carrying Capacity of Resources and Environment

Carrying capacity of resources and environment is the basis of strategic decision for regional development, and it is of great significance to guide regional sustainable development and serve the demand of national strategy. This paper systematically summarizes the development process of carrying capacity assessment of resources and environment, including the transition from carrying capacity of land resource to water resource, environment and ecology, and then in recent years the increasing use of construction land area proportion and assessment that is based on supply capacity. Carrying capacity assessment of resources and environment has changed from single resource to the evaluation of various main natural resources, environmental elements and comprehensive elements with research methods continuing to improve. At present, however, more attention is paid to the limitation of carrying capacity and less attention is paid to the development capacity. The study on carrying capacity of resource and environment is still faced with severe challenges including the lack of universality and extension of the theory and methodology system. Future research still needs to be enforced in promoting the transition from limitation capacity to development capacity, forming a methodology system with extensive guiding significance and strengthening research on carrying capacity of resource and environment that is characterized by space development and utilization, so as to deepen theoretical significance and practical application to provide support for regional sustainable development and national strategy.