生态环境对我国居民幸福感的影响机制与实证研究

深入揭示生态环境与居民幸福感的内在关系对创造人民美好生活具有重要的理论与现实意义。本研究基于幸福感产生机制对生态环境影响居民幸福感的机制进行了深入的理论探讨,利用2013-2014年我国居民大样本调查数据,定量分析了水、大气,绿化三个关键生态环境要素对我国居民幸福感的影响。研究认为,生态环境对居民幸福感的影响受制于经济发展与居民收入水平及居民对环境价值的认知与重视程度;尽管研究期居民对生态环境质量满意度不高,但生态环境对我国居民幸福感的并没造成显著影响;比较而言,水环境对居民幸福感的影响小于空气环境,而空气环境的影响又小于绿化环境。为提升我国居民生态幸福感并激励居民亲环境行为,应通过科普教育切实提高居民对环境及其价值的认知度,努力营建人地和谐的文化氛围;应在普遍提高居民收入和物质生活水平的基础上,引导和促进居民向环境审美消费需求的升级;当前应重视生态补偿等经济手段的运用,通过影响居民经济利益激发居民环保行为;应优先解决居民直观感知明显且反映强烈的环境问题。

Empirical Research on the Effect Mechanism of Ecological Environment on Residents' Happiness in China

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the internal relationship between ecological environment and residents'' happiness. Based on a large sample data of residents in China from 2013 to 2014, this paper quantitatively analyzes the influence of three ecological environment factors of water, atmosphere, and greening on residents'' happiness in China. The results show that the impact of the ecological environment on residents'' happiness is subject to economic development and residents'' income levels, as well as residents'' awareness and attention to environmental values. Despite the residents were not satisfied with the quality of ecological environment in 2013 and 2014, the ecological environment did not have significant impact on the happiness of Chinese residents. And the impact of the water environment was less than that of air environment while the effect of air environment was less than that of greening environment. It is suggested that in order to improve residents'' ecological happiness and stimulate public environmental protection, popular science education should be used to effectively improve residents'' awareness of the environment and its value, and strive to build a harmonious cultural atmosphere between human and environment; On the basis of generally increasing residents'' income and material living standards, we should guide and promote the upgrading of residents'' demand for environmental aesthetic consumption. Attention should be paid to the use of economic means such as ecological compensation, and to stimulate residents'' environmental protection behaviors by affecting residents'' economic interests. Priority should be given to solving environmental problems that are obvious and strongly reflected by residents'' intuitive perception.