居民生活用电碳排放交易机制研究

个人排放交易被认为可以促进居民参与碳减排,但是因其减排收益难以覆盖高昂的建立和运行成本,降低了公众接受度。本文提出除了考虑碳减排的收益外,更需要关注个人排放交易机制的教育价值、形成正确的激励以及鼓励创新的价值,并提出可以基于当前国内多地实行的阶梯电价制度,利用电力系统现有的用户网络和账户系统,建立居民生活用电碳排放交易机制,以降低成本并实现上述价值。在此基础上,就居民生活用电碳排放交易机制的配额设定与分配、配额交易以及清缴问题做了细致的分析,并提出绿色电力作为补充电力可以免费获得碳配额以促进绿色消费。同时,比较分析了在居民生活用电交易机制和阶梯电价制度下,不同居民家庭以及电力公司的用电成本(收益),指出了其在形成正确的激励方面的作用。最后指出在条件成熟的情况下,居民生活用电碳排放交易机制可以扩展到居民的其他能源消费领域,以实现更为全面的个人排放交易。

Research on Carbon Trading System for Household Electricity Consumption

Personal carbon trading is viewed as a good measure to engage households in reducing carbon emission. But it is rarely accepted in practice since the emissions reduction benefits can hardly cover its high setting up and running cost. It is argued in this paper that besides its emissions reduction benefits, more attention should be paid to the education value, incentives and innovation value that personal carbon trading scheme may initiate. This paper proposed a household carbon trading scheme which focus on the carbon emission from household electricity consumption. It utilize the users'' network and billing system of existing power system and the tiered pricing for household electricity consumption in many cities to minimize the costs. And a detailed analysis was made on the process of carbon allowances allocation, trading and surrender. It is proposed that green electricity, as supplementary power, may get free carbon allowances so as to promote green consumption. Finally, a comparative analysis was made to reveal the cost changes of different households as well as power companies under household carbon trading scheme and the tiered pricing scheme for household electricity consumption. The household carbon trading scheme can be extended to cover other energy consumption of households besides electricity.