生态补偿的价值目标：国际经验及对中国的启示

明晰生态补偿的价值目标,既是健全我国生态补偿政策体系、体现公共政策属性的关键,也是调动各方生态保护积极性、提升自然生态系统稳定性与生态产品供给能力的现实需要。本文首先评述了关于生态补偿价值目标的研究进展,认为国内对该领域的研究比较欠缺,亟须补充;其次对于国际上生态补偿的价值目标选择,从维护和提升生态系统服务功能、农民减贫脱贫、推动城乡生态公正以及提高农民生态参与意识等四个方面进行了介绍。反思国内生态补偿价值目标的问题,本文提出生态补偿机制完善与价值目标导向:①以“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念面向多元价值目标构建生态补偿机制;②通过生态补偿机制建设提升生态系统服务功能;③通过生态补偿机制接续推进全面脱贫与乡村振兴的有效衔接;④通过生态补偿机制建设促进城乡生态公正;⑤加强生态补偿政策宣传激发公民生态意识。

The Value Target of Ecological Compensation: International Experience and Its Enlightenment to China

Clarifying the value target of ecological compensation is not only the key to improve China’s ecological compensation policy system,but also to mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties in ecological protection,and enhance the stability of natural ecosystems and the supply capacity of ecological products.Firstly,the paper reviews the research progress on the value target of ecological compensation,and points out that there is a lack of research in this field in China,which needs to be supplemented.Secondly,for the selection of ecological compensation target internationally,it introduces four aspects:maintaining and improving ecosystem service function,reducing farmers’poverty,promoting urban and rural ecological justice,and improving farmers’awareness of ecological participation.Reflecting on the problems of the value target of ecological compensation in China,this paper puts forward the improvement of ecological compensation mechanism and the orientation of value goal:①constructing ecological compensation mechanism with the theory of“two mountains”;②improving the service function of ecosystem through the construction of ecological compensation mechanism;③promoting the effective connection between comprehensive poverty alleviation and rural revitalization through ecological compensation mechanism;④establishing ecological compensation mechanism to promote ecological justice among urban and rural;⑤strengthening the publicity of ecological compensation policy,and stimulating citizens’ecological awareness.