生态文明产权制度的界定、分类及框架研究

生态文明产权制度是生态文明制度体系建设的根基。生态文明产权制度可划分为自然资源产权制度、环境资源产权制度和气候资源产权制度三大类别。自然资源产权制度包含水权、林权、矿权、渔权和能权,环境资源产权制度包含排污权和生态权,气候资源产权制度包含碳排污权和碳汇。在大国责任的国际背景下,生态文明产权可用总量控制是硬性约束,必须以自然、环境和气候资源的产权总量控制为前提,确保全国总体生态水平在可预见的时间达到可控制的范围之内。有效地推进自然、环境和气候资源的初始产权界定,运用生态文明产权价格机制促进生态文明产权交易,并运用生态文明产权保护制度确保初始产权界定、产权交易机制和产权价格机制的顺利推进和开展。形成以产权总量控制为前提,以初始产权的界定和分配为基础,以产权交易机制为手段,以产权价格机制为核心,以产权保护制度为保障生态文明产权制度框架。

Conception, Classification and Framework for Property Right System of Ecological Civilization

Property right system of ecological civilization is the base for construction of ecological civilization institution. Property right system of ecological civilization is classified into three types, which are property rights system of natural resource, environment resource and climate resource. Property rights of natural resource are represented by water rights, forest rights, mineral rights and energy rights. Property rights of environment resource are represented by pollution rights and ecological right. Property rights of climate resource are represented by carbon emission rights and carbon sinks. With the international background of big country''s responsibility, available total amount control of ecological civilization property right is the hard budget. The premise is controlling total amount of natural, environment and climate resource property right, ensuring national total ecological level at control range in the predictable time. And it should push initial property right definition effectively, and promote property right trade by property right price system, develop property right protection system. It is an original work to construct framework of ecological civilization property right system, which has five parts. First part is that total amount control of resources property rights is the premise, second part is that definition and quota of initial property rights is the foundation, third part is that property right trade is the method, fourth part is that property rights price system is the core, last part is that property rights protection system is security.