香港吐露港地区河流水质管理效果研究

为探讨香港水质管理的措施及效果,本文对香港吐露港地区5条河流10个监测点1985—2014年的地表水质数据进行分析,观察水体整治管理前后污染物浓度的变化。结果表明:10个监测点的氨氮、BOD_5、COD和TP的浓度均逐年下降,上下游共同努力,使各项污染物得到很大程度的削减,并且治理前后的浓度存在明显统计学差异(p0.05),且治理之后各项污染物年均浓度趋于平稳,达到标准以内。由此可以看出,香港地区水质管理效果的显著与其所实施的《水污染管制条例》、禽畜饲养禁制区设立与吐露港及牛尾海污水收集整体计划密不可分。随着国务院颁布的《水污染防治行动计划》的施行,香港吐露港地区治理的措施可为我国现阶段黑臭水体整治工作所借鉴。

Study on the Effects of River Water Quality Management in the Tolo Harbor of Hongkong

To discuss the measures and effects of water quality management in Hongkong, local surface water quality data from 10 monitoring points of 5 rivers in 1985-2014 were analyzed, and the concentration changes of pollutants before and after treatment were observed. The results showed that NH₃-N, BOD₅, COD and TP concentration of 10 monitoring points declined year by year, and the concentration before and after the treatment existed significant difference (p<0.05) and an average concentration of various pollutants after treatment tended to be stable within the standard. Conclusion that the effects of water quality management was significantly associated with the implementation of the water pollution control ordinance, livestock rearing prohibition area set up, the effluent collecting overall plan of Tolo Harbour and Port Shelter in Hong Kong. With the State Council promulgated the "water pollution prevention action plan", the measures can be used for the present black and smelly water remediation work in China.