企业低碳制造战略分类研究:以水泥企业为例

随着气候变化加剧,低碳发展已成为政府和学者关注的重要议题。降低工业碳排放成为实现我国经济可持续发展的当务之急。低碳制造战略是工业企业实现战略转型、应对碳排放约束和提升市场竞争力的可行策略之一,但企业低碳制造战略的研究正处于起步阶段,还缺乏低碳制造战略类型的认识。为此,本文在拓展企业制造战略竞争优先权结构要素的基础上,增加能源利用率和单位产品二氧化碳排放量为竞争优先权结构要素,构建低碳制造战略竞争优先权分类指标,由此探索企业低碳制造战略类型。本文以国内22个省(自治区、直辖市)所辖的137家水泥企业为研究对象,运用聚类分析方法,识别企业低碳制造战略的类型,结果表明:企业低碳制造战略可划分为三种类型,分别是设计者、看守者和低碳践行者。研究结果不仅有助于深入了解水泥企业低碳制造战略特点,为我国水泥企业低碳制造战略制定和实施提供决策依据,而且其理论成果也可推广至其他高耗能产业,创新引导企业有效实施基于产品全生命周期的企业低碳制造战略。

A Taxonomy of Low-carbon Manufacturing Strategy of Enterprises:Based on an Investigation of Cement Enterprises in China

With the speeding up of climate change, the low carbon development has become an important issue concerned by the government and academics. In addition to reducing carbon emission by the public, but how to reduce industrial carbon emission has been a matter of urgency to China. The Low-carbon Manufacturing Strategy (LCMS) is a feasible strategy for industrial enterprises to achieve the strategic transformation, deal with carbon emission constraints and enhance market competitiveness. However, the study of LCMS is not just in its infancy, but also lacks the understanding of type to it. This paper took sample data of 137 cement companies from domestic 22 provinces, expanded the energy efficiency and CO2 per unit of product to competitive priorities, and structured competitive priorities classification index of LCMS, so as to explore the LCMS types by clustering analysis. The result showed that the LCMS could be divided into three types:the designer, the caretaker and the low-carbon practitioner. The results not only help to understand the characteristics of LCMS to cement enterprises, but also provide policy decision for the effective formulation and implementation of LCMS. In addition, the results can also be extended to other energy-intensive industries, guiding enterprises to implement the LCMS that based product lifecycle effectively.