农户对高产农业技术扩散的生态环境影响感知实证

农民生态环境感知对促进农民自觉环境保护行为和农村两型社会建设具有重要作用。通过对湖南省洞庭湖湿地水稻主产区6个乡镇的调查,将农户生态影响感知具体化为土壤、水源、身体健康和水稻4个方面的感知,借助定量分析建立了农户综合环境感知指数,研究农民对以化学农业为代表的高产农业技术扩散的生态环境影响感知,并运用Tobit模型探讨了影响农户生态影响感知的主要因素。结果表明:农民已经意识到以石化农业为代表的高产农业技术扩散带来的不利影响,尽管他们的意识还只限于一些看得见的因素如土壤肥力、捕鱼量和健康问题,对于看不见的影响的感知还很薄弱。以化学农业为代表的高产农业技术采用的水平和持续时间直接决定了人们对于不利影响的感知。提高收入水平与教育水平、强化农业技术推广能提升农民生态环境感知,而农田水利基础设施建设和土壤肥力对农户环境感知有复杂的影响关系。

Empirical Analysis of Impacts on Farmers' Environmental Perception about High-yield Agricultural Technology Diffusion

Farmers’ environmental perception plays an important role in promoting environmental protection actions and constructing two-oriented agricultural society.This article specializes farmers’ environmental awareness in 4 kinds of awareness such as soil awareness,water awareness,healthy awareness and rice awareness,establishes farmers’ environmental awareness index with the aid of qualitative analysis,studies farmers’ perception about the ecological environment effect of typical chemistry farming on the basis of a survey in the agro-ecological regions of 6 towns in the major paddy-rice producing areas of Dongting Lake,Hunan Province,and further explores its main factors by the Tobit model.The results show that farmers are fully aware of these adverse effects of high-yield agricultural technology extension as an example of chemistry farming,although their awareness is limited in tangible factors such as soil fertility,fishing volume,and health issues,and their perception remains very weak in those invisible influences.The level and the duration of agricultural technology adoption representing chemistry agriculture will directly determine farmers’ perception of the adverse effects.Increasing their income levels and education years and strengthening agricultural extension contact can improve farmers’ environmental awareness,while such measures as irrigation infrastructure construction and soil fertility will play a complex role in farmers’ environmental awareness.