中国绿色经济发展和机制政策创新研究

通过绿色转型创造新的发展和就业机会对于摆脱经济危机、提升国家竞争力并占据全球制高点和领先地位已经成为全球共识。中国的绿色经济发展将对其未来经济繁荣乃至全球经济发展产生深远影响。转变经济发展方式,实现绿色发展,这不仅是中华民族长远发展的战略性选择和必然需要,也是对全球可持续发展的积极贡献,将对人类发展产生的重要影响。中国正逐步走向绿色发展之路,建设资源节约型社会和环境友好型社会,发展循环经济和低碳经济已经为中国的绿色发展奠定了较为坚实的基础。但是在全球化大背景下,中国正面临各种规模庞大、情况复杂的经济发展、社会转变与环境保护的挑战与机遇,尤其是在宏观层面,绿色发展的体制机制保障尚不健全,制约了中国绿色转型的成效。如何通过恰当的制度创新,进一步推进转型成本效率的提高和体制机制与政策法规质量的改善,加快并深化中国的绿色转型是目前面临的主要问题。本文针对上述问题,系统归纳总结了国际上发展绿色经济的普遍经验以及中国发展绿色经济面临的主要问题和挑战,认为发展绿色经济目前并没有一种通用的模式,解决中国发展绿色经济发展过程中所面临的资源环境制约,必须调整现行以GDP为导向的政府和官员绩效考核体系,平衡目前财政分权体系中财权和事权不对应问题,进一步明确政府和市场的作用及各自起作用的领域,同时,综合应用法律、财政、税收和价格等工具,重视不同手段的综合和协同运用,在不同的发展领域,提出具有适应性和包容性的发展策略,具体来说:①实施"差异化"区域绿色发展战略,针对不同的经济发展和资源环境基础,提出不同的发展重点,同时,建立分区域的绿色发展监测和评估体系;②通过技术进步和管理创新发展绿色农业,以保障农产品安全、生态安全和资源安全为重点,推动农业发展政策、农业生产组织、农业技术服务和农业管理体系的转型;③以资源节约和环境友好为基本原则,实施绿色创新战略,引导和推动工业结构的优化升级;④创建绿色服务业体系;⑤推行绿色消费模式,以绿色消费倒逼绿色经济转型。

Development Mechanism and Policy Innovation of China' s Green Economy

United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)have launched green economy initiative to create new opportunities for innovative economic growth and employment as well as mitigating financial crisis.On 2009 G20 summit in London,participated national leaders have made an agreement on achieving to a ’harmonized,green and sustainable economic resilience’.China as one of largest emerging economy has tremendous influence on global economy.Presently China is experiencing rapid economic growth,but due to large population,lack of natural resources and ineffective environmental management so that China is facing biggest challenge on environmental issues than other countries.So implement green development not only benefits China itself but also will contribute to global sustainable development.China is on the way of establishing environment-friendly,circular economy and low carbon economy society which demonstrate that China gradually on the track of green development.But under global context,China is still facing big challenges such as lack of mechanism for securing green development institutionally and legally.So the solution proposed here is to promote cost-effective efforts on reforming green development.Based on the reality described above,this article has summarized international experiences on green economy strategy.The article suggested that there is no uniform pattern for green development and for solving the problem in China we have to adjust the current government performance evaluation based on GDP and introduce marketing-based instruments(for instance,legal,financial,taxation and pricing) to coordinate the development in different fields.More specifically: ① to implement ’differentiated’ regional green development strategy for different basis of economic growth and environment,proposed different focal point against different regions based on characteristics;② to emphasize technology and management innovation on green agriculture to promote agricultural product safety,ecological security and resources safety for enhancing policy development on agricultural sector;③ to implement green innovation strategy for optimizing industrial structure based on environmental-friendly and resource-saving principle;④ to establish green service system and emphasize using ecological and green service to substitute traditional service in order to reduce raw material and energy;⑤ to promote green consumption model to force economic growth turn to green pattern.