水库移民安置区土地补偿现状与补偿原理

随着农村土地制度的变化,安置区土地补偿问题对于协调水库移民安置中各相关主体之间的利益平衡具有重要的意义。本文基于实地调查,首先分析了水库移民安置区土地补偿的现状和存在的问题;其次,运用土地产权理论和福利经济理论,从安置区土地补偿的原因、范围和补偿原则等方面阐明了安置区土地补偿的基本原理;最后,在此基础上提出了完善相关法律法规、协调水利水电工程建设中利益相关者的关系和利益平衡、体现农地价值等政策建议。结果表明:其一,安置区的土地补偿,无论从现行法律、还是从实际获得的补偿来看,均未体现对安置区土地权益的保护;其二,安置区集体和居民理应获得相应的权益补偿,其补偿范围既包括转出土地使用权的补偿,也包括对共同拥有土地所有权带来的权益分配变化的补偿;其三,土地制度的建设和改进上,应依据安置区土地资源状况和调出土地的状况确定补偿标准,淹没区集体、移民和安置区集体、居民应获得同等补偿,并力求体现农地价值。

The Land Compensation Status Analysis and the Compensation Principle Study for Reservoir Immigrant Settlement Areas

With the change of rural land system,the land compensation of immigrant resettlement areas has significance to coordinate the interests balance between the relevant subjects in reservoir resettlement.Based on field investigation,this paper analyzes the present situation and problems of the land compensation of immigrant settlement areas.Then using land property rights theory and welfare economics theory,it illustrates the fundamental principle of land compensation in resettlement areas from the aspect of compensation reasons,scopes and principles.Finally it puts forward some policy suggestions,including improving the relevant laws and regulations,coordinating the stakeholders’ relationship of hydropower engineering construction,balancing the benefits between benefited party and injured party,reflecting the farmland value and etc.The results indicate: ①The land compensation of immigrant resettlement areas doesn’t reflect the protection of land rights in terms of the existing law and real received compensation.② The collective and residents in resettlement should receive appropriate equity compensation.The compensation range involves both the transfer of land use right and change in the rights distribution of jointly owned land ownership.③ As for the construction and improvement of land system,the compensation standard should be determined according to land resources in resettlement areas and the condition of transfer land,the collective and residents in flooded area and resettlement area should get the equal compensation,and the value of agricultural land should be achieved.